Research
Research Interests
- Water resource economics
- Agri-environmental economics
- Non-market valuation methods
- Choice modelling
Please email me to request a copy of any paper if you do not have institutional or personal access.
Publications
Lloyd-Smith, P, Zawojska, E. (2025). How stable and predictable are welfare estimates using recreation demand models? American Journal of Agricultural Economics 107(3): 846-868. (Paper)
Lika, E, Lloyd-Smith, P, Belcher, K, Jardine, T, Liebenehm, S, Strickert, G. (2025). The economic value of improving the ecological condition of the Saskatchewan River Delta, Canada. Ecosystem Services 75. (Paper)
Boldt, L, Lloyd-Smith, P, Belcher, K, Pattison-Williams, J, Bergen, G, Blechinger, K, Paulson, I. (2025). Agronomic and economic effects of wetlands on crop yields using precision agriculture data. Agricultural Systems 222. (Paper)
Boldt, L, Lloyd-Smith, P, Belcher, K, Boxall, P. (2025). Public willingness to pay for wetland restoration in the Canadian Prairie Pothole Region. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics. (Paper)
Spence, DS, Schuster-Wallace, CJ, Lloyd-Smith, P. (2023). Disparities in economic values for nature-based activities in Canada. Ecological Economics 205. (Paper)
Jayalath, TA, Lloyd-Smith, P, Becker, M. (2023). Biodiversity Benefits of Birdwatching Using Citizen Science Data and Individualized Recreational Demand Models. Environmental and Resource Economics 86(1): 83-107. (Paper)
Ginbo, T, Adamowicz, W, Lloyd-Smith, P. (2023). Valuing Mortality Risk Reductions in Canada: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Policy Guidance. Canadian Public Policy 49(3): 233-251. (Paper)
Jungers, B, Abbott, JK, Lloyd-Smith, P, Adamowicz, W, Willard, D. (2023). À la carte Management of Recreational Resources. Land Economics 99(2): 161-181. (Paper)
Xie, L, Adamowicz, W, Lloyd-Smith, P. (2023). Spatial and temporal responses to incentives: An application to wildlife disease management. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 117. (Paper)
Asare, E, Lloyd-Smith, P, Belcher, K. (2022). Spatially Explicit Modeling of Wetland Conservation Costs in Canadian Agricultural Landscapes. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 70(1): 5-19. (Paper)
Macaskill, J, Lloyd-Smith, P. (2022). Six decades of environmental resource valuation in Canada: A synthesis of the literature. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 70(1): 73-89. (Paper, Appendix)
Entem, A, Lloyd-Smith, P, Adamowicz, W, Boxall, P. (2022). Using inferred valuation to quantify survey and social desirability bias in stated preference research. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 104(4): 1224-1242. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P. (2021). The Economic Benefits of Recreation in Canada. Canadian Journal of Economics 54(4): 1684-1715. (Paper)
Baulch, H, Whitfield, C, Wolfe, J, Basu, N, Bedard-Haughn, A, Belcher, K, Clark, B, Ferguson, G, Hayashi, M, Ireson, A, Lloyd-Smith, P, Loring, P, Pomeroy, J, Shook, K, Spence C. (2021). Synthesis of science: findings on Canadian Prairie wetland drainage. Canadian Water Resources Journal (Paper)
Oehlmann, M, Meyerhoff, J, Glenk, K, Lloyd-Smith, P. (2021). Quantifying landscape externalities of renewable energy development: Implications of attribute cut-offs in choice experiments. Resource and Energy Economics 65: 101240. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, Adamowicz, W, Entem, A, Fenichel, E, Rouhi Rad, M. (2021). The Decade after Tomorrow: Estimation of Discount Rates from Realistic Temporal Decisions. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 183: 158-174. (Paper)
Rouhi Rad, M, Adamowicz, W, Entem, A, Fenichel, E, Lloyd-Smith, P. (2021). On the Substitution and Complementarity of Natural and Physical Capital: The Case of Panama Canal Expansion. Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists 8(6): 1115-1146. (Paper)
Nijhum, F, Westbrook, C, Noble, B, Belcher, K, Lloyd-Smith, P. (2021). Evaluation of alternative land-use scenarios using an ecosystem services-based strategic environmental assessment approach. Land Use Policy 108: 105540. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P. (2020). Kuhn-Tucker and Multiple Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) Model Estimation and Simulation in R: The rmdcev Package. R Journal 12(2): 251-265. (Paper)
Slade, P, Lloyd-Smith, P, Skolrud, T. (2020). The Effect of Carbon Tax on Farm Income: Comment. Environmental and Resource Economics 77(2): 335-344. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, Abbott, J, Adamowicz, W, Willard, D. (2020). Intertemporal Substitution in Travel Cost Models with Seasonal Time Constraints. Land Economics 96(3): 399-417. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, Becker, M. (2020). The Economic Value of Camping using Administrative Data. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 45(3): 445-461. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, Zawojska, E, Adamowicz, W. (2020). Moving beyond the contingent valuation versus choice experiment debate – presentation effects in stated preference. Land Economics 96(1): 1-24. (Paper)
Adamowicz, W, Calderon-Etter, L, Entem, A, Fenichel, E, Hall, J, Lloyd-Smith, P, Ogden, F, Rouhi Rad, M, Stallard, R. (2019). Assessing Ecological Infrastructure Investments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116(12): 5254-5261. (Paper)
Appiah, A, Adamowicz, W, Lloyd-Smith, P, Dupont, D. (2019). Reliability of Drinking Water: Risk Perceptions and Economic Value. Water Economics and Policy 5(2): 1850020. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, Adamowicz, W, Dupont, D. (2019). Incorporating Stated Consequentiality Questions in Stated Preference Research. Land Economics 95(3): 293-306. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, An, H. (2019). Are Corporate Social Responsibility and Advertising Complements or Substitutes in Producing Firm Reputation? Applied Economics 51(21): 2275-2288. (Paper)
Price, J, Lloyd-Smith, P, Dupont, D, Adamowicz, W. (2019). Floods and Water Service Disruptions: Eliciting Willingness-to-Pay for Public Utility Pricing and Infrastructure Decisions. Water Economics and Policy 5(2): 1850021. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, Abbott, J, Adamowicz, W, Willard, D. (2019). Decoupling the Value of Leisure Time from Labor Market Returns in Travel Cost Models. Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists 6(2): 215-242. (Paper)
Abbott, J, Lloyd-Smith, P, Adamowicz, W, Willard, D. (2018). Status-quo Management of Marine Recreational Fisheries Undermines Angler Welfare. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115(36): 8948-8953. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, Adamowicz, W. (2018). Can Stated Measures of Willingness-to-Accept be Valid? Evidence from Laboratory Experiments. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 91: 133-149. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, Schram, C, Adamowicz, W, Dupont, D. (2018). Endogeneity of Risk Perceptions in Averting Behavior Models. Environmental and Resource Economics 69(2): 217-246. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P. (2018). A New Approach to Calculating Welfare Measures in Kuhn-Tucker Demand Models. Journal of Choice Modelling 26: 19-27. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P. (2018). A Note on the Robustness of Aggregate Ecosystem Service Values. Ecological Economics 146: 778-780. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P. (2017). Controlling for Endogeneity in Attributable Costs of Vancomycin resistant enterococci from a Canadian Hospital. American Journal of Infection Control 45(12): e161-e164. (Paper)
Whittington, D, Adamowicz, W, Lloyd-Smith, P. (2017). Asking Willingness-to-Accept Questions in Stated Preference Surveys: A Review and Research Agenda. Annual Review of Resource Economics 9: 317-336. (Paper)
Lloyd-Smith, P, Younger, J, Lloyd-Smith, E, Green, H, Leung, V, Romney, M. (2013). An Economic Analysis of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) at a Canadian Hospital: Assessing Attributable Cost and Length of Stay. Journal of Hospital Infections 85: 54-59. (Paper)
Ochuodho, T, Lantz, V, Lloyd-Smith, P, Benitez, P. (2012). Regional Economic Impacts of Climate Change and Adaptation in Canadian Forests: A CGE Modeling Analysis. Forest Policy and Economics 25: 100-112. (Paper)
Papers in Review
Lloyd-Smith, P. Valuing the Non-market Impacts of Energy Infrastructure. (Book chapter for Measuring the Contribution of Energy Infrastructure: A Practical Guide).